Provide a 6 pages analysis while answering the following question: Trove 2 as a Biomarker in Kidney Cancer. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Biomarkers may also be sued to predict the result of different therapies as well. Ro60 protein (Trove 2) and YRNAs have been studied and researched upon and even though both have pivotal roles to play in autoimmune disorders they may also be used as biomarkers.

RO60 is also known as Sjogren’s syndrome Antigen 2 (SSA2). In 1988, Deutscher et al, reported the discovery of Ro60 complementary DNA sequence (cDNA) while it was about 6 years later in 1994 that, using hybridization technique, researchers found that the Ro60 gene’s position was located to chromosome 1q31 (Millard et al, 2002, p.210). The Ro60 protein is present in many animals and molecular studies in all of the animal species have shown the presence of Ro60 in association with YRNA (a small non-coding RNA molecule) (Wolin and Reinisch, 2006, p.368). In most vertebrates along with Ro60 and YRNA, another nuclear phosphoprotein is also present which is known as the La protein.

Studies have shown that Ro60 is a ring-like structure with a hole in the middle. The structure of Ro60 and YRNA was also determined and it was seen that the later bound to Ro60 residues on the outer ring of the structure (Perreault et al, 2007, p.1677).

The structure of Ro60 reveals that it has a role in the stabilization of RNA helix. In an in-vivo study of Escherichia coli showed that the protein was capable of promoting correct folding of misfolded RNA while the Ro60-YRNA complex act as transporters where they transport RNA-binding proteins to their target molecules (Belisova et al, 2005, p.1084).

It was during the investigation into the autoimmunity of systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE that YRNA’s were discovered sometime in the 1980s as an important component of the Ro ribonucleoprotein particles or Ro RNPs (Gardiner et al, 2009, p.1375). A gene is present in all vertebrates and in some invertebrates as well.&nbsp.